The lungs play a vital role in our overall well-being, responsible for bringing oxygen into our bodies and expelling carbon dioxide. Despite their importance, lung health is frequently compromised by various factors, including infections, environmental pollutants, and lifestyle choices. As we observe National Lung Month this August, we are here to provide expert insights about lung health. We had the opportunity to speak with Dr. Patricia Dee, a pulmonologist from Doctor Anywhere. Dr. Patricia shared valuable information about common lung problems in the Philippines, when to seek medical advice, contributing factors to lung issues, and practical steps to maintain lung health.
Common Lung Problems in the Philippines
The Philippines faces a unique set of challenges when it comes to lung health. Dr. Patricia pointed out that respiratory infections are the most prevalent issue, often prompting pulmonary consultations. These infections include viral and bacterial infections such as rhinovirus (common cold), flu, COVID-19, and pneumonia. "Common symptoms of respiratory infection include cough, colds, and fever," she explained.
Another significant concern is tuberculosis (TB), which remains endemic in the country. "Patients with TB would commonly present with symptoms like cough, unexplained fever, unexplained weight loss, and night sweats for two weeks or longer," Dr. Patricia noted. Chest x-ray findings can also be indicative of TB.
In terms of non-infectious causes, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are the most common. "Asthma is more commonly diagnosed in children and young adults with a history of allergy and a family history of asthma, although it can be diagnosed at any age. Symptoms typically include cough, shortness of breath, and wheezing," Dr. Patricia explained. On the other hand, COPD is more prevalent among older individuals with significant exposure to cigarette smoke and manifests as chronic cough, phlegm production, and shortness of breath on exertion.
When to Seek Medical Advice
Knowing when to seek medical advice for respiratory symptoms can significantly improve health outcomes. Dr. Patricia emphasized, "The sooner, the better. Earlier diagnosis and prompt initiation of correct treatment improve symptoms faster and lead to better outcomes." For instance, antiviral therapy for influenza is only effective within a 48-hour window from the onset of symptoms. Beyond this period, the medication loses its efficacy.
"In general, when symptoms are bothersome, causing distress or limitation in activity, and leading to poor quality of life, one should seek immediate consultation," she advised.
Environmental and Lifestyle Factors
Several environmental and lifestyle factors in the Philippines contribute to higher rates of lung issues. Dr. Patricia highlighted that TB remains endemic, with the Philippines being one of the top contributors to the global TB burden. Conditions that increase TB risk include diabetes, a weak immune system, malnutrition, and tobacco use.
The harmful effects of cigarette smoking are well-documented, increasing the risk for infections, lung cancer, asthma flare-ups, and COPD. Dr. Patricia warned against the misconception that e-cigarettes are a safer alternative. "In recent times, we have seen more cases of e-cigarette or vaping use-associated lung injury (EVALI), some leading to hospitalization, and even some cases leading to death," she noted.
Air pollution also plays a significant role in lung health. "Chronic exposure to air pollution induces inflammation in the lungs, which can lead to the development or exacerbation of asthma and COPD, and even increase one’s risk for lung cancer," Dr. Patricia explained.
Maintaining Good Lung Health
Maintaining good lung health involves several proactive steps. Dr. Patricia emphasized the importance of frequent handwashing and wearing masks in public spaces to prevent the spread of infections. Vaccination against common respiratory infections like influenza and pneumonia is also crucial. "Vaccination can help prevent disease or lessen the severity of illness," she said.
Avoiding cigarettes and e-cigarettes is another key factor in lung health. "Quitting smoking is the way to live a longer and healthier life," Dr. Patricia stressed. For those who find it challenging to quit, she recommended seeking support from smoking cessation programs available in certain hospitals. "These smoking cessation clinics are designed to support patients in their journey towards a smoke-free life," she added.
Lung health is a critical aspect of overall wellness, particularly in the context of the unique challenges faced in the Philippines. Dr. Patricia Dee's insights underscore the importance of early diagnosis, understanding the environmental and lifestyle factors contributing to lung issues, and taking proactive steps to maintain good lung health.
As we celebrate National Lung Month this August, let us commit to making informed choices that support our respiratory well-being and seek professional advice when needed. By doing so, we can ensure healthier lungs and a better quality of life for ourselves and our communities.
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Sources:
1. Dr. Dee, Patricia Celene. Interviewed on 14 July 2024.
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